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(ModeL) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. & A. s. BOWER. V FURNACE POE EFFEGTING THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES Patented Jan. 2, 1883.

No. 270,005. flak/i 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Pateflted Jan. 2-, 1883.

(ModeL) v G. & A. S. BOW-ER; FURNACE FOR EFFEGTING THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES.

(MbdL) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. & A.- S. BOWER.- FURNACE FOB BFFBGTING THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES.

- No. 270 005. F1626? mama" IHHHHHHMH UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

enosen nowna AND ANTHONY s. Bowen, or sr. NEOTS, 'oousrr or HUNTINGDON, ENGLAND.

FURNACE FOR EFFECTING THE PROTECTION OF IRON AND STEEL SURFACES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 270,005, dated January 2, 1883.

Application filed December 3,1880.

(ModeL) Patented in England September 20, 1880, No. 3,811; in France October 2, 1880, No.

138,960; in Belgium October 4, 1880, No. 52,711; in Germany October 10, 1880, No 14,196; in Austria December 1, 1880, No.

' 5,180; in Sweden February 3, 1881, No. 26; in Norway To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGEBOWER and ANTHONY SPENCER Bowen, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, and residing respectively at St. Neots, county of El untingdon, England, have invented certain Improvements in Efiecting the Protection of Iron and Steel Surfaces andin the Furnaces Employed Therein, (for which we have obtained a patentin Great Britain No. 3,811, dated th September, 1880,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates chiefly to anarrangement of furnace best adapted to perform the operations of oxidizing and deoxidizing the the articles to be protected a coating of sesquioxide of iron or rust by submitting such articles to the action of carbonic oxide mixed with a larger quantityof air than is requisite for conversion into carbonic anhydride, and

then in either case reducing the sesquioxide to r the magnetic or black oxide by submitting the articles to the action of carbonic oxide alone, the operations being in all cases performed with the aid of an elevated temperature; According to the present invention these processes are carried out in a furnace, which embodies the following featu'res, videlicet: The furnace is so constructed that the carbonic oxide from the generator being caused to meet with a current of hot air, combustion takes place, which is perfected before the products therefrom are admitted to the chamber containing the articles to be coated and the waste products of combustion are caused to pass on their way to the chimney over and among a series of pipes through which the cold air required for combustion is admitted so as to become heated and prepared for admixture with May 14, 1881, and in Canada October 12, 1881, No. 13,531.

the carbonic oxide, as before mentioned. 0ontinuous regeneration therefore takes place,

and the operations are effectively performed under the most economical conditions.

In order that the said invention may be perfectly understood, we shall now proceed more particularly to describe the improved furnace, 5 5 and'for that purpose shall refer to the several figures on the accompanying sheet ofdrawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the'figures.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings up '60 resents a longitudinal section of the furnace, taken along the line 1 2 in Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6. Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse vertical sections of the same, taken respectively along the lines 3 4 and 5 6, Fig. 4; and Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are horizontal sections taken respectively along the lines 7,8, 0, l0, and 11 12, Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

(to a are the producersfor gasifying the fuel employed which is supplied through hoppers b b b. The carbonic oxide from the combustion of the fuel in the producers to a a passes along a conduit, d, (its flow being controlled by a slide, 0,) to the openings 6, where this comabllSlliblB gas meets acurrcnt of hot air ascending through a passage, f, and is consumed. The products of combustion are thence con ducted along a passage, y, where they are thoroughly mixed by open brick-work crosswalls, h, and then return along a passage, 1', whence they enter through the oblong holes l, the chamber 7r, in which the articles to be coated are arranged. After having passed over and among' the articles to be coated, the waste escapes downward through ports minto regeneratorchambers p, and thence to the chimney-flue s, heating in its passage the tubes t, composing the regenerator, and which are securely supported by the cross walls W. Cold air enters the apparatus at '0 through a channel provided with a regulating valve-un- 9c der the control of the furnace-tender. This, air then passes along the lower rows of regenerator-tubes and back through the upper to bee, thus becoming highly heated by the waste gases and capable of developing greater heat' 5 when burned with the combustible gas, as hereinbefore described. The oxidizing and deoxidizing processes take place according as the air or gas is in excess, and this is readily controlled by the gas-damper and air-regulator hereinbefore described. When it is desired to use liquid hydrocarbons for generating the gas, troughs containing the liquid are simply inserted in the producers a, so that the liquid will be vaporized, and the gas or vapor given off applied in the same manner as the carbonic anhydride. When gaseoushydrocarbon-such as coal-gas-is used, the producers a a are simply dispensed with, the gas having already been made and being introduced into the flue d. When common coal-gas or any other hydrocarbon gas is used, a furnacecon structed in the manner hereinbefore described may also be employed for conducting the operations of producing the protective coating. In many situations it will be convenient to place the gas-producers some distance from the furnaces proper. A close muffle or retort may also be placed inside the oxidizing-chamber, and thus be heated externally by the gases from the gas producers or generators, while the articles to be coated may be placed inside the muffle or retort, and coal-gas or hydrocarbons may be consumed with varying quantities of air within the mufiie.

In some cases common coal-gas or other hydrocarbon gas or pure hydrogen gas may be used both for heating thechamber and for oxidizing, and such gas may be obtained from any independentsource. Rusty articles placed within the oxidizing-chamber may have the rust upon them reduced to a protective coating by passing the coal-gas or other hydrocarbons or hydrogen gas among them without any mixture of air whatever. This operation canalso beeffectively performed in the oxidizing-chamber by opening out the gas-damper and only allowing sufficient air to pass through the valve 4) to keep up the heat required in the chamber. In this manner a strongly reducing flame is obtained which is quite suifi: cient to reduce the surfaces of very rusty articles in a few hours to a rustless surface.

We claim as our inventiou 1. The combination of gas-producing chambers, flue d, air-inletf, and passage g, having open cross-walls h, with coating-chamber k, communicating with said passage, regenerator chambers 12, having air tubes passing through them and leading to the inletf, all substantially as set forth. I

2. The combination of the chamber k and passage g, having open cross-walls h with passage i and chambers 19, the latterhaving airtubes, all substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE BOWER. v ANTHONY SPENCER BOWER.

Witnesses: FREDG. I. VAUGHAN, St. Neots. Hunting/10a, Olerkto George Bower.

ARTHUR WAKEFIELD, St. Neots, Hunts. 

